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One Person Company (OPC)

Incorporate Your One Person Company

Limited liability for solo founders with a mandatory nominee, simple decision-making, and smoother banking & vendor onboarding than proprietorship.

Compare with Private Limited Company
MCA-compliant Fast processing CA-reviewed
SPICe+
Overview

What is a One Person Company (OPC)?

A separate legal entity for a single shareholder with limited liability and a mandatory nominee. Governed by the Companies Act and administered by the MCA.

Separate Legal Entity

Own assets, sign contracts, sue & be sued in its own name.

Limited Liability

Member’s liability limited to unpaid shares.

Nominee Required

Nominee’s prior consent; can be changed with due filing.

Requirements

Eligibility & key limits

Check if OPC fits your stage and compliance appetite.

Eligibility
  • 1 member/shareholder; 1 nominee (mandatory)
  • 1 director minimum (can be the same person)
  • Resident Indian requirement for member/nominee as per rules
  • Unique name & lawful objects
Conversion triggers
  • On breaching prescribed turnover/paid-up capital thresholds you must convert (e.g., to Pvt Ltd)
  • Some activities need special approvals
  • Foreign ownership may need alternate structures
Documents

Checklist to get started

Keep clear scans; ensure KYC consistency across all proofs.

Member/Director
  • PAN (Indians) / Passport (foreign nationals)
  • Address proof: Aadhaar/Passport/Voter ID/Driving Licence
  • Recent bank/utility (≤3 months), photo & specimen signature
  • Digital Signature (DSC)
Registered office & Nominee
  • Office proofs: latest utility + Rent Agreement/Title & Owner NOC
  • Nominee’s KYC + written consent
  • Draft objects for MoA
Process

OPC registration timeline

Indicative; based on name approval & ROC queries.

Day Step What happens Status
0–2 KYC & Scoping Collect KYC, office proofs, objects draft; identify nominee. Start
1–3 Name (SPICe+ A) Submit unique name with clear activity description. Fast
3–7 SPICe+ B + MoA/AoA Prepare forms, attach nominee consent & proofs, AGILE-PRO as applicable. Draft
6–10 ROC Filing File & respond promptly to resubmission if any. Varies
Varies COI + PAN/TAN Certificate of Incorporation issued; PAN/TAN allotted when bundled. Approved
Governance

OPC governance essentials

Focus your AoA for clarity in decision-making & continuity.

Must-haves
  • Clear objects & powers
  • Director authority & reserved matters
  • Nominee change workflow
  • Banking & contracts signatory clarity
Common mistakes
  • Ignoring conversion triggers (turnover/capital)
  • Not updating nominee details promptly
  • Vague powers causing bank/vendor delays
Compare

OPC vs Proprietorship vs Pvt Ltd

Understand liability, funding readiness, compliance & continuity.

OPC
  • Limited liability
  • Moderate compliance
  • Nominee required
  • Convert when thresholds breached
Proprietorship
  • Unlimited liability
  • Very low compliance
  • Banking/vendor acceptance varies
Pvt Ltd
  • Limited liability + investor friendly
  • 2 members minimum
  • Higher governance & ESOPs possible
Aspect OPC Proprietorship Private Ltd
Liability Limited Unlimited Limited
Members 1 member + 1 nominee 1 proprietor 2–200 shareholders
Compliance Moderate (Company Act) Low Higher (Board/AGM etc.)
Funding/ESOP Limited options Not investor-friendly ESOPs, VC-ready
Continuity Nominee ensures continuity Ends with proprietor Perpetual succession
Deliverables

What you receive from us

All filings and documents neatly compiled for banks and partners.

COI

Certificate of Incorporation

PAN & TAN

Allotment copies

MoA & AoA

Final, ROC-approved

Filed Forms Set

SPICe+ pack & challans

Bank Kit

Intro letter & resolutions

Templates

Registers & share certificate formats

Calendar

Annual & event-based compliances

Avoid penalties with a simple rhythm of filings.

When What Notes Flag
Quarterly TDS/GST If applicable to activity Tax
Annually Financial Statements & ITR Company audit if thresholds/requirements triggered File
Event-based Nominee/Director/Office change File relevant forms within time Event
Naming

Choosing the right OPC name

Reduce resubmissions with a quick pre-check and clear activity hint.

Distinct & lawful
  • Not identical/too similar to existing names
  • Avoid restricted words without approvals
Activity indicator
  • Use words that hint the main object
  • Parallel trademark search recommended
Fit

Who is OPC best for?

If you’re starting solo but want liability protection and brand credibility.

Solo founders

Early validation before bringing in co-founders.

Consultants & Creators

Ring-fence business risk from personal assets.

Service SMBs

Credible banking & vendor onboarding.

FAQ

Common questions

Quick answers to help you decide confidently.

Typically 7–12 working days based on name approval, documentation quality, and ROC workload.

Yes. OPC must have a nominee who gives prior written consent; you can change the nominee later with filings.

Yes, a registered office in India with valid proofs; Owner’s NOC if rented/shared.

On breaching the prescribed turnover or paid-up capital limits; conversion is typically to a Private Limited Company.
This page provides general information and is not legal advice. Rules/forms/timelines may change with MCA/ROC notifications.
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